Articles

This page contains all my blogposts. I cover various topics such as university admissions, economics exams at A-level and university level, as well as other economics issues.

Economics (miscellaneous)

Big tech

How the UK tackles market power, mergers and big tech

How did Amazon grow so large? 4 key economic factors

Will robots take our jobs? What economists say about AI

Labour markets

What economic theory says about immigration

Why Goldin won the Economics Nobel Prize – 5 key takeaways

Will robots take our jobs? What economists say about AI

Maths in economics

5 ways economics uses statistics – correlation and causation

6 key marginal equations in economics and how they apply to the real world

Don’t be fooled! How to understand economic statistics

Behavioural economics

10 behavioural biases that affect our decisions (and how to avoid them)

The economics of giving gifts

Development economics and long run economic growth

Why are some countries rich and others poor? The role of institutions

Has microfinance worked? The power of randomised control trials

An economic experiment in Argentina – is it working?

Government intervention

Why governments save some firms but not others

Should the UK Government save steel plants? The economics of steel

How free markets can provide public goods

Thinking like an economist

3 economic fallacies explained

How changes in commodity prices affect the economy – thinking like an economist

How to apply to university for economics

Please see the link here.

12 tips for how to score highly in undergraduate economics

A-level Economics resources

Please see the link here.

Full blogpost list (by date)

• Practice Paper 1 Red – Suitable for Edexcel Economics A Paper 1 revision
  Written by Tom Furber, an economics tutor. Related resources for Edexcel Economics A About the author Use up and
• UCAS applications support for economics and related courses
  As well as economics tutoring, I also provide support for students applying for UK universities. This includes: I
• AQA Economics 2024 Paper 1 model answers | Section A
  Written by Tom Furber, an AQA A-Level Economics tutor. | Published 20th August 2026. Contents Introduction This page
• How my economics tuition can improve your grades
  Written by Tom Furber, economics tutor. | Published 12th August 2026. | Updated 16th August 2026. If you
• 2024 Past Paper 2 Edexcel A Economics | Model Answers
  Written by Tom Furber, A-Level Economics tutor (Edexcel A specialist). | Published 11th August 2026. Contents Introduction This
• 4.1.3 Pattern of trade – Edexcel Economics A notes
  Written by Tom Furber, A-Level Economics tutor (specialising in Edexcel A) | Published 6th August 2026. | Updated
• 4.1.3.6 The relationships between markets – notes for AQA
  Written by Tom Furber, economics tutor (specialising in AQA Economics). | Published 31st July 2026 | Updated 10th
• What kind of maths is in an economics degree? (Video)
  Related economics resources About the author
• Extra evaluation points from video exercise
  Written by Tom Furber (economics tutor) These are extra evaluation points based on the video page linked here.
• 3.5.3 Wage determination in labour markets – Edexcel A notes
  Contents Diagrammatic analysis of labour market equilibrium  Bringing labour supply and labour demand together, we can analyse the
• 2024 Past Paper 1 Edexcel Economics A – Model Answers
  Written by Tom Furber, an economics tutor. | Published 18th July 2026 | Last updated 9th August 2026. Contents
• All key diagrams for Themes 1 and 3 | Edexcel Economics A
  Related resources for Edexcel Economics A For A-Level Economics Edexcel A style resources, click the blue buttons below:
• 3.3.4 Normal profits, supernormal profits and losses – notes for Edexcel Economics A
  Written by Tom Furber, an economics tutor. Contents Profit maximisation Profit = revenue – cost. Profit maximisation occurs
• How to read academic papers for economics – a guide
  There are many scenarios where you may need to read academic papers in economics. For example: However, reading
• How to evaluate for A-Level Economics (with examples)
  Written by Tom Furber (economics tutor) What is evaluation? Evaluation means weighing up an argument. In other words,
• 25 marker answer for AQA Economics – inflation and deflation
  Written by Tom Furber, an economics tutor. To improve your macroeconomics 25 mark responses with one-to-one support, please
• Example 25 mark model answer for AQA Economics 2026
  By Tom Furber, an economics tutor. | Published 6th June 2026 | Last updated 9th August 2026. Here
• Model answers for practice paper 3A suitable for Edexcel A Economics
  Written by Tom Furber, an economics tutor. Here are links to the full practice paper and the video
• Practice Paper 3A Edexcel style – Full walkthrough video
  By Tom Furber, an economics tutor. This video goes through model answers for a practice Paper 3 I
• Paper 3 Edexcel Economics A – Revision Resources
  Practice papers and model answers Practice paper 3A (Europe, CEOs) – Question paper | Video walkthrough | Full
• Practice Paper 3A – Suitable for Edexcel Economics A Paper 3
  Written by Tom Furber, an economics tutor. The practice paper is linked below. A video walkthrough of the
• Content walkthrough video – Theme 2 Edexcel Economics A
  Produced by Tom Furber, an economics tutor. Below is a video summarising the content for Theme 2. This
• Globalisation – Edexcel A style 25 marker model answer
  Written by Tom Furber, an economics tutor. Contents Practice question In 1966 manufacturing represented 30% of all UK
• 1.2.4 and 1.2.5 Supply and price elasticity of supply – Edexcel Econ A notes
  Written by Tom Furber, an economics tutor. Contents Supply and the factors that influence supply Supply = the
• Content walkthrough video – Theme 1 Edexcel Economics A
  Produced by Tom Furber, an economics tutor. Below is a video summary for all content in theme 1.
• Section B Model Answers | Edexcel style Practice Paper 2J
  Written by Tom Furber, an economics tutor. This page contains model answers for 5, 8, 10, 12 and
• Minimum wage model answer | Edexcel Economics A style
  Written by Tom Furber, an economics tutor. Contents Practice question Here is a practice question, suitable for students
• Model answers Section B Edexcel Economics: Practice paper 1K
  Written by Tom Furber, an economics tutor. Below I have written some model answers for Section B (5,
• Economics tuition – price information
  Average improvement among A-Level students in 2026: 1.9 grades | 39 reviews | 6000+ hours tutoring and creating
• Edexcel A Level Economics A Style Practice Paper (2J)
  Written by Tom Furber, an economics tutor. This page contains a full Edexcel A Level Economics A style
• Income inequality effects – AQA Style 25 marker model answer
  Written by Tom Furber, an economics tutor. This page contains a practice question and model answer on inequality.
• Edexcel A Level Economics A Style Practice Paper (1K)
  Written by Tom Furber, an economics tutor. This page contains a full Edexcel Economics A A Level style
• 25 Marker Model Answer for Edexcel A [Market power policies]
  Written by Tom Furber, an economics tutor. Contents Practice question on market structures Here is a practice question
• 1.4.1. Part 2 Government intervention – Edexcel Economics A notes
  Written by Tom Furber, an economics tutor. This page contains notes for Edexcel Economics A, covering tradable pollution
• Privatisation – 25 marker model answer for AQA Economics
  Written by Tom Furber, an economics tutor | For one-to-one support to improve your 25 markers, you are
• Structure of financial markets and assets | AQA Economics notes
  Written by Tom Furber, an economics tutor. This page contains notes on topic 4.2.4.1, the structure of financial
• Commercial banks and investment banks – AQA Economics notes
  Written by Tom Furber, an economics tutor. This page contains notes for theme 4.2.4.2 Commercial banks and investment
• AQA Economics – All Model Answers
  Below, you can find model answers to AQA Economics A Level style questions. These are all written by
• Currency depreciation 25 marker model answer | AQA Economics A Level style
  Written by Tom Furber, an economics tutor. Essay question Here is an essay question, written in the style
• 25 marker model answer on house prices | Edexcel Econ Paper 3 Style
  Written by Tom Furber, an economics tutor. Practice Paper 3 style question Here is a practice question written
• 25 marker model answer AQA Economics style | Business objectives
  Written by Tom Furber, an economics tutor. Consider the following practice question:  Evaluate the view that businesses should
• Imperfect and asymmetric information – AQA Economics notes
  Written by Tom Furber, an economics tutor. Contents Why information is important for decision-making Information is important for
• Undergraduate economics tutoring with Tom
  I am Tom, a Cambridge-educated economist turned economics tutor. Specifically I studied the Cambridge Economics undergraduate course, as
• 1.4.1 Part 1 Government intervention notes for Edexcel A
  Written by Tom Furber, an economics tutor. This page contains notes for Edexcel Economics A, covering taxes, subsidies,
• How to answer a 25 marker for AQA Economics A Level | Essay structure guide
  Written by Tom Furber, an economics tutor. | Published 12th November 2025 | Updated 4th September 2026. Struggling
• Trading blocs and the WTO – Edexcel Economics A notes
  Written by Tom Furber, an economics tutor. Related economics resources To return to Edexcel Economics A A Level
• 3.4.5 Part 1 Monopoly notes – Edexcel Economics A
  Written by Tom Furber, an economics tutor. Related Edexcel Economics A Level resources To return to Edexcel A
• Edexcel Economics A Level Model Answers
  This page contains model answers for Edexcel A Economics A Level for 25, 15, 12, 10, 8 and
• 1.2.2 Demand – notes for Edexcel Economics A
  Written by Tom Furber, an economics tutor. Related Edexcel A Economics resources To return to Edexcel Economics A
• Production possibility frontiers – Edexcel Economics A notes
  Written by Tom Furber, an A-Level Economics tutor (Edexcel A specialist). Related Edexcel A Economics resources To return
• 2.1.3 Employment and unemployment – Edexcel Economics A notes
  Related Edexcel A Economics A Level resources About the author
• 2.1.1 Economic growth – Edexcel Economics A notes
  Written by Tom Furber, an A-Level Economics tutor specialising in the Edexcel A exam board. Related Edexcel A
• AQA Economics style 15 marker model answer – economies of scale
  Here is a practice question and model answer. These are written in the style of AQA Economics A
• 4.1.1 Globalisation – Edexcel Economics A Notes
  Written by Tom Furber, an A-Level Economics tutor specialising in Edexcel A. Related economics resources To return to
• 3.1.3 Demergers – Edexcel Economics A notes
  Written by Tom Furber, an A-Level Economics tutor (Edexcel A specialist). Related Edexcel Economics A Level resources To
• 3.4.3 Monopolistic competition – Edexcel Economics A notes
  Related Edexcel Economics A Level resources To return to Edexcel A Economics A Level notes, click this button
• Economies and diseconomies of scale – Edexcel Economics A notes
  Related Edexcel Economics A Level resources To return to Edexcel A Economics A Level notes, click this button
• Alternative views of consumer behaviour – Edexcel Economics A notes
  Related Edexcel Economics A resources For more theme 1 Edexcel Economics A A Level notes, click this button
• 1.3.3 Public goods – Edexcel A Economics A Level notes
  Contents What are public goods? Examples of public goods include: In contrast, a private good is both excludable
• 1.2.7 Price mechanism – A Level Economics Edexcel A notes
  Contents What is the price mechanism? The price mechanism is when the price changes to allocate scarce resources
• Full list of economics tutoring and website reviews for Tom Furber
  This page features all my economics tutoring and website reviews. I am very grateful to all those who
• 25 Marker Economics Model Answer AQA style – Objective trade-offs
  Here is a question, essay plan and model answer for a question on trade-offs between macroeconomic objectives. The
• Quantitative easing – 25 mark model answer in style of Edexcel Economics A
  How do you write a top level answer on quantitative easing? As one of the toughest topics in
• How to extend analysis for Edexcel Economics A 25 markers
  Edexcel A Economics A Level resources About the author
• Should the UK save its steel plants? The economics of steel
  Contents What is steel used for? Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon. Steel is not only
• An economic experiment in Argentina – is it working?
  What’s holding the Argentinian economy back? Does cutting government spending work? This article covers an economic history of
• Price discrimination – 25 marker model answer in AQA Economics A Level style
  Written by Tom Furber, an economics tutor specialising in AQA Economics A Level. Essay title Consider the following
• 2.4.4 The multiplier – Edexcel Economics A notes
  Contents Defining the multiplier and how the multiplier works The multiplier is when an initial increase in an
• Edexcel A Economics A Level Style Practice Papers
  Written by Tom Furber, an economics tutor. This page contains links to all my Edexcel style practice papers.
• Thinking like an economist – how commodity prices affect the economy
  What’s your phone made of? What are the materials needed to build electric vehicles? What has been the
• 25 Marker Model Answer (Edexcel A Style) – Income Inequality
  Here is a 25 mark model answer written in the style of Edexcel A Economics A Level. Exam
• 3.2.1 Business objectives – Edexcel Economics A notes
  Written by Tom Furber, an economics tutor. Contents Diagram for different business objectives We can use a cost-revenue
• 4.1.4 Terms of trade – Edexcel Economics A notes
  Written by Tom Furber, an economics tutor. Contents How to calculate the terms of trade Here’s a formula
• 3.4.2 Perfect competition – Edexcel Economics A notes
  Written by Tom Furber, an economics tutor. Contents What are the characteristics of perfect competition? Perfectly competitive markets
• 15 mark model answer for Edexcel Economics A – Economic Growth
  Question Extract A: The UK economy from 1997 into the 2000s UK GDP per capita grew 1.42% a
• AQA Economics A Level Style Practice Papers
  This page contains links to all AQA Economics style practice papers. I have written these in the style
• 3.5.2 Supply of labour – Edexcel Economics A notes
  Contents What determines labour supply? Labour supply is the amount of labour workers are willing and able to
• 3.5.1 Demand for labour – Edexcel A Economics notes
  Written by Tom Furber, an A-Level Economics tutor specialising in Edexcel A. Contents Which factors influence labour demand?
• 3.4.5 Part 2 Price Discrimination – Edexcel A Level Economics notes
  Contents Third degree price discrimination Price discrimination is charging different prices to different people for the same good.
• 25 Marker model answer AQA Economics style – government intervention
  Written by Tom Furber, an economics tutor. To access one-to-one support to improve your AQA Economics answers, please
• Theme 2 Edexcel Macroeconomics Multiple Choice Quiz
  This quiz features ten multiple choice questions on theme 2. Quiz Theme 2 Quiz Macroeconomics Next Show explanation
• 4.3.3 Development Strategies Part 2: Other strategies
  Contents Other strategies for development Lewis model and industrialisation – key details Further details on the Lewis model
• 25 marker model answer for Edexcel A | Tax and regulation
  Written by Tom Furber, an A-Level Economics tutor (Edexcel specialist). | Published 5th November 2024 | Updated 21st
• 4.3.2 Factors influencing growth and development
  Contents The impact of economic factors Primary product dependency Savings gap: Harrod-Domar model Foreign currency gap Capital flight
• 4.2.2 Inequality – Edexcel Economics A Notes
  Contents Wealth versus income inequality Wealth is a stock. It measures the value of assets that people own.
• 25 Marker Model Answer in style of Edexcel Economics A [Monopoly]
  Written by Tom Furber, Edexcel A Economics tutor | Published 9th October 2024 | Updated 24th August 2026.
• 3.4.4 Oligopoly – Edexcel Economics A notes
  Contents Definition and characteristics of oligopoly An oligopoly is when a small number of producers dominate the market.
• 3.1.2 Business growth – Edexcel Economics A Notes
  Written by Tom Furber, an A-Level Economics tutor specialising in the Edexcel A exam board. Contents Types of
• 3.1.1 Sizes and Types of Firms – Edexcel Economics Notes
  Written by Tom Furber, an A-Level Economics tutor (Edexcel A specialist). Contents Why do some firms remain small
• 3.4.7 Contestability – Edexcel Economics A notes
  Contents The characteristics of a contestable market Contestability measures the extent of barriers to entry and exit in
• Fiscal policy – 2.6.2 Part 2 Edexcel Economics A notes
  What is fiscal policy? Fiscal policy includes changes to government spending and taxes. What does the UK Government
• 4.4.2 Market failure in the financial sector – Edexcel notes
  There are five types of market failure in the financial sector: To return to Edexcel Economics A A
• 2.3 Aggregate Supply – Edexcel Economics A notes
  Written by Tom Furber, an economics tutor. | Published 18th September 2024. | Last updated 24th August 2026.
• 4.1.6 Restrictions on free trade – Edexcel Economics A notes
  Written by Tom Furber, an A-Level Economics tutor specialising in Edexcel A. Contents What are the reasons for
• 4.1.7 Balance of payments – Edexcel Economics A notes
  Written by Tom Furber, an A-Level Economics tutor specialising in the Edexcel A exam board. Contents What are
• 4.1.2 Specialisation and trade (including comparative advantage)
  Written by Tom Furber, an A-Level Economics tutor specialising in the Edexcel A exam board. Contents Definitions Absolute
• Theme 4 Edexcel A Economics A Level Style Practice Questions – Globalisation and Croatia
  This is a theme 4 practice question section B in the style of Edexcel Economics A. It covers
• Theme 3 Edexcel A Economics A Level Style Practice Questions – Internet Search
  Please see below a practice question. This is written in the style of Edexcel A Economics A Level, Section
• Edexcel Economics notes 2.6.2 Part 1 – monetary policy
  Contents What is monetary policy? Monetary policy: changes to interest rates, money supply and exchange rates. This includes
• 4.1.8 Exchange rates – Edexcel Economics A notes
  An exchange rate is the price of one currency in terms of another currency. An example exchange rate